隆慶至萬曆初期 (1567-1583)，明朝在北京近郊薊州、昌平一帶實行大規模軍事革新計畫，由薊遼總督譚綸 (1520-1577)、名將戚繼光 (1528-1587) 主持改革，以戚氏訓練有成、抗倭功高的浙兵作教練，整頓、訓練薊昌軍隊，全面修城造臺，使嘉靖庚戌之變(1550) 後衰弱的明朝北邊國防實力大為振興。與此同步發展的「隆慶和議」──明朝與蒙古西部強酋俺答 (1507-1582) 議和，准其貢市請求，益增「京邊軍事革新計畫」之成效，是十六世紀後半長城東、西兩邊明蒙關係從戰爭走向和平的兩件大事。此計畫也使東部察哈爾高原的蒙古大汗收斂，足見其重要性，唯其形成及施行步驟、明廷之支持，還有最終的新定制，鮮見研究者論及，因此，本文將以這些問題為主，梳理史實並檢視其間的明蒙關係變化。

From the Longqing 隆慶 to the early Wanli 萬曆 era (1567-1583), the Ming court implemented a large-scale program of military reform around Beijing, especially the military region of Jizhou 薊州. This program was mainly designed and led by Tan Lun 譚綸 (1520-1577), the governor-general of Ji-Liao 薊遼, and Qi Jiguang 戚繼 光 (1528-1587), a prominent general. They used Qi’s former subordinates, Zhejiang soldiers—a well-trained, victorious army against Japanese pirates—as the instructors to train and reorganize the Jizhou-Changping 昌平 troops, and built and repaired local Great Wall fortresses at the same time. They reversed the weak Ming defense force after the Gengxu 庚戌 Incident in 1550. The Longqing Peace Treaty, in which the Ming government reached an agreement with Altan Khan 俺答 (1507-1582), the main power of western Mongolia, and permitted his request for trade, had great influence and increased the effectiveness of this military reform program. The reform and the treaty were both important historical events when the Ming-Mongol relationship improved across the east and west sides of the Great Wall during the second half of the 16th century. Because of this reform, northern Ming military strength returned, and they were able to intimidate the Mongol khan on the Chahar Plateau in the east. Such an important program must have its shaping process, steps for implementation, and specific measures; however, the support from the Ming government was the most significant. It finally launched the traditional military system onto a new path. These topics have not often been discussed in past papers. Thus, I will focus on them and view the changing Ming-Mongol relationship through the lens of these historical facts.