研究目的：本研究的主要目的是探討嬰兒氣質、母乳哺育經歷和產後抑鬱症之間的關聯，以及嬰兒氣質和母親母乳哺育經驗對母親產後抑鬱症的影響。研究方法：本研究以調查研究法進行，一共有250名沒有抑鬱症病史且仍在以母乳哺育3至12個月大的嬰兒的母親為研究對象。研究結果：(1)超過1/4 (n = 66, 26.4%)的婦女有憂鬱傾向；(2)15到24歲、初產婦、產後未返回職場、以及產後3-6個月之婦女，憂鬱程度明顯較高；(3)t檢定顯示：有憂鬱傾向的婦女所感知到的嬰兒負向情緒程度較高，也遭遇較多的母乳哺育困難；(4)相關分析顯示：母乳哺育經驗與產後憂鬱程度呈現高度正相關，即母乳哺育遭遇較多困難的婦女，其憂鬱程度也較高。嬰兒的情緒自我調節能力較好，其母親遭遇較少母乳哺育困難。嬰兒負向情緒則與產後憂鬱程度呈現高度正相關；(5)產後抑鬱的預測因素包括母乳哺育經驗、嬰兒負向情緒、婦女年齡、以及距離產後多久時間。研究結論：以本研究調查對象而言，嬰兒負向情緒和母乳哺育困難乃影響產後憂鬱程度之風險因素。

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate association of infant temperament, breastfeeding experience, and postpartum depression. The effect of infant temperament and maternal breastfeeding experience on postpartum depression was also examined. Method: Two hundred and fifty mothers without prior history of depression and were still breastfeeding, together with their infants aged between 3 and 12 months, were recruited for this investigation. Participants were enrolled via announcements of the questionnaire website placed on four prevalent online mothers’ clubs in Taiwan, including Monbaby Club, HowMama, BabyHome, and Facebook. Data analyses included descriptive statistics analysis, Independent-sample t-test and Analysis of Variance Stepwise multiple regression. The Very Short Form of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire – Revised (IBQR-VSF), Breastfeeding Experience Scale (BES), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were applied in this study to collect data. Results: (1) More than one-fourth of mothers were depressed (n = 66, 26.4%). (2) Mothers who were aged 15-24, primiparas, unemployed, and at 3-6 months following birth were significantly more depressed. (3) Depressed mothers perceived more Negative Affectivity of infant temperament and experienced more breastfeeding difficulties than non-depressed mothers. (4) Correlation analysis showed that breastfeeding experience and postpartum depression are highly positively correlated, that is, mothers with breastfeeding difficulties have higher depression levels. Mothers experience less breastfeeding difficulties when infants had a better ability to regulate their own emotions. Negative Affectivity are highly positively correlated with postpartum depression. (5) Regression analyses revealed that the predictors of postpartum depression in this study included breastfeeding experience, Negative Affectivity of infant temperament, age, and postpartum period. Conclusion: Negative Affectivity of infant temperament and negative breastfeeding experience may be high risk factors for postpartum depression for women without prior history of depression.