面對高齡化伴隨的健康與經濟負擔，提升健康餘命是重要的目標，其中身體活動被視為影響健康的關鍵因子之一，探討身體活動與死亡風險的關聯有其必要，國際上流行病學領域的相關研究也陸續發表，但仍缺乏文獻回顧統整以台灣人口為研究族群之文獻。本文目的在介紹以台灣人口為研究族群，探討身體活動與死亡風險關聯之中英文文獻，經搜尋得到11篇符合條件的相關文獻。文獻回顧結果顯示從事身體活動能降低全因、心血管因素與癌症因素死亡風險，且具劑量反應關係。本文整理納入文獻的基本研究設計、樣本特性，並詳細介紹身體活動變項的範疇、測量與分組方式，凸顯目前文獻的研究價值與其限制，建議未來相關研究在設計上使用客觀方式測量身體活動，並依據直觀明瞭的強度數值或官方建議量進行身體活動分組，進而提供台灣人族群有穩健科學證據且具實務意義的身體活動指引。

Facing the health and economic burden of aging, the improvement of healthy life expectancy comes with an important target of the human being. Physical activity is one of the significant factors to influence health. The development of research on physical activity and mortality risk is necessary. Relevant studies in the field of epidemiology have also been published globally. However, there is a lack of literature review to integrate the studies using the Taiwanese population. The objective of the present article is to introduce the researches that investigated the relationship between physical activity and mortality, which also the study sample is the Taiwanese population. Eleven studies that met the criteria were included. The results showed that physical activity was related to a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a dose-response pattern. This review article introduced the characteristics of the included studies, such as study design, sample characteristics, and the detail of physical activity variables. Furthermore, this article presents the values and limitations of the current studies. Future research could incorporate objective measures of physical activity. In addition, grouping based on intuitive intensity values or official recommendations will provide Taiwanese people with robust references and practical guidelines for physical activity.