本文主旨在探討注意力缺陷過動症（ADHD）學生/患者的特徵與成因，以及認知行為療法在其輔導上的應用。本研究發現，ADHD學生可能具有過動、衝動（行為抑制力不足）、注意力難集中、難以遵從行為規範，以及情緒與工作表現極不穩定等特徵；至於其成因，可能與基因遺傳、神經生理問題、母親孕兒環境及育兒方式等因素有關。最後，關於ADHD學生的輔導方法，本研究發現認知行為療法中的｢自我調整策略｣、｢自我教導訓練｣與｢自我監督法｣對於ADHD學生的專注力控制及衝動控制應屬可行，建議家長與教師可適時採用。

The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics and causes of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and the application of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for Children with ADHD. The results were as follows: (a) Children with ADHD have many characteristics, including hyperactivity, behavioral disinhibition, inattention, learning disability about behavioral rules, and high variety of work performance and mood unstable. (b) Genes, Neurophysiology, pregnancy environment, and parenting style may cause ADHD of children. (c) This study finds the "Self-Regulation Strategy", "Self-Instructional Training" and "Self- Monitoring Method" of the CBT are useful for Children with ADHD.