在本文中，筆者首先鋪陳自主性問題在近代哲學史中的展現；其次，筆者將探究，哈伯瑪斯（Jürgen Habermas, born 1929）如何理解私人自主(private autonomy)與公共自主(public autonomy)的關係，在哈伯瑪斯看來，二者不僅是同源的，而且是同等重要，且互為前提的，只有在二者的循環關係中，個人的自主性才能得到實現；最後，筆者將透過霍耐特(Axel Honneth, born1949）等學者的批判，來反思哈伯瑪斯對兩種自主形式關係重構的合理性。

In this article, the author lays out the development of the issue of autonomy in the history of modern philosophy. Secondly, the author explores how Jürgen Habermas understood private autonomy and public autonomy relationship. For Habermas, private autonomy and public autonomy are not only co-original but equalweight, and presuppose each other. Individual autonomy can only be realized in the circular relationship between the two forms of autonomy. Finally, the author will reflect on the rationality of Habermas' reconstruction of the relationship between the two forms of autonomy through the criticism of Axel Honneth and other scholars.