隨著物質文明的富裕，近年來痛風的全球盛行率成長快速，成為當今最常見的關節炎之一。痛風及高尿酸血症均證實與心血管疾病、慢性腎病、腎結石、糖尿病、代謝症候群等有關。根據我國於2010年的統計，我國痛風的盛行率更居全球前列，然而接受降尿酸治療的患者比例則顯得極大落差。由於痛風型態有著明顯的性別與種族差異，各國對於痛風與高尿酸血症的治療指引內容也不盡相同，我國於2016 年更新了其治療指引，並於2018 年在International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases發表英文版本。美國風濕病醫學會(American Collegeof Rheumatology, ACR)則於2020年更新治療指引，此外中國及日本於近年來亦陸續發表相關指引。本文借鑑各國的治療指引並比較之，以期提供最新痛風及高尿酸血症的觀念供讀者參考。

Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis. The clinical presentations include hyperuricemia, recurrent acute arthritis and tophi formation. The global prevalence rate is still increasing and Taiwan is one of the high prevalence nations. Gout and hyperuricemia are commonly associated with other conditions such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, many patients who need urate-lowering therapy don't receive appropriate treatment. Taiwan updated its Chinese version guideline in 2016 and published the English one in the 2018 in International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) released a new treatment guide for the management of gout for simultaneous publication in Arthritis & Rheumatology and Arthritis Care & Research in 2020. In addition, Japan and China have published their treatment guideline in recent years. Considering racial and gender disparities in patients with gout and hyperuricemia, we would like to compare the different guidelines to provide the newest information to the readers.