法國國立民間藝術與傳統博物館（1937-2005）的成立適逢「人民陣線」執政，它以法國民俗文物的典藏、研究與展示為宗旨，該定位因全球化及歐盟組織的發展等因素，使得法國政府決定將所有藏品併入新的博物館――歐洲與地中海文明博物館；這意味著對藏品的理解與敘事，從法國置換到更大的地域與文明框架中進行新的論述。論述本身是一種價值與權力的展現，而政權視博物館為其表達論述的重要載體，一種權力形式的展現。因此，國立民間藝術與傳統博物館短暫的68年歷史，其所承載的知識、文化、社會與政治等功能之調整，深受時代演變之影響。

The Musée national des arts et traditions populaires (1937-2005) has founded during the administration of the "Front populaire". Its purpose is to collect, research and display French folk cultural relics. Due to factors such as the development of European Union and the globalization, the French government has decided to incorporate all collections into a new museum, the Musée des civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée; this means that a new discourse on the understanding and narrative of the collections has been shifted from the French framework to a larger territorial and civilizational structure. Discourse itself is a manifestation of value and power, and the political regime regards museums as an important carrier for expressing discourse, a manifestation of a form of power. Therefore, in the short 68-year history of the Musée national des arts et traditions populaires, the adjustment of the functions of knowledge, culture, society, politics, and the like the museum carried was deeply influenced by the evolution of the era.