本文著眼於耶路撒冷會議（使徒行傳十五章）所制定的「使徒命令」，嘗試探討其來源、根據、作用及地位。這個議題一直以來頗有爭議，近來有學者主張以摩西五經的寄居者法例來詮釋「使徒命令」，帶來嶄新角度：面對與「猶太化者」的衝突，使徒們按照寄居者法例和妥拉的聖潔原則，為外邦人制定了律法的最低要求，確立了使徒教會的宣教方向和策略，並使福音在外邦的傳播取得極大成效。寄居者法例和妥拉不僅是「使徒命令」的背後依據，它也是使徒指導外邦基督徒倫理的指引，在保羅的倫理觀中得到充分體現，顯示了摩西律法對基督徒倫理的重大影響。遺憾的是，隨著猶太教和基督教關係的惡化，初代教會之後基督教逐漸削弱和貶低摩西律法的地位，並在神學上形成律法與恩典的對立。本文希冀透過對「使徒命令」的新詮釋，重新認識摩西律法在基督教信仰中的地位和作用，以及對今天基督徒倫理生活的意義。

This paper examines the background and warrants of the Apostolic Decree in the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15). Recent scholarship introduces a new understanding of the Apostolic Decree by interpreting it in light of the Mosaic laws for resident aliens. That is, facing the objection of the 'Judaizers', the apostles required the gentiles to obey only the minimum requirements for the resident aliens according to the Mosaic Law. This event became the watershed in the mission history of the New Testament and led to a great success of the spreading of the Gospel. The Law for the resident aliens also provided the hermeneutical parameter of ethics for the gentile Christians, as it has been observed in the epistles of Paul, thus indicating that the Mosaic Law has substantial influence on the ethics of the New Testament. However, the strategy gradually resulted in the accumulation of hostilities and deterioration of the relationship between Judaism and Christianity. Christian apologists consequently weakened the role of the Mosaic Law and formulated an opposition of the Law to grace that severely denigrated the Mosaic Law. This new interpretation on the Apostle Decree could help us reappraise the significance of the Mosaic Law for Christian faith and ethics today.