現存於北京的馬其昶（1855-1930）《清史儒林傳稿》，為《清史稿》未採用的覆輯本，過去因為史料記載有誤，以及蒐尋不易，至今尚未受到學者利用與討論。檢視馬其昶覆輯本後可以發現，傳稿不僅首尾完整無缺，且內容與已刊《清史稿．儒林傳》有著不小的差異，展現出與過去不同的清代學術史視角。對馬其昶《清史儒林傳稿》的討論，不僅有助釐清過去《清史稿．儒林傳》纂修過程的錯誤認識，同時也得以藉此機會，一窺桐城派學者在清代學術史中的自我定位。除此之外，亦可以觀察在清中晚期至民初的漢宋學術爭議下，對《清史稿．儒林傳》纂修所產生的影響。

The manuscript of Ma Qichang’s Qingshi Rulin zhuan gao (Draft Biography of Rulin in the History of Qing), preserved in the Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences at Beijing, isn’t referenced in the Qingshi gao (Draft History of Qing). Due to errors in the historical records and difficulties of access, Ma’s manuscript has received little scholarly attention. A close examination of Ma’s manuscript reveals that the text is complete and differs significantly from the published version of the Qingshi gao Rulin zhuan (Biography of Rulin in the Draft History of Qing), presenting a completely different version of Qing intellectual history. In addition to correcting misunderstandings concerning the compilation of the Qingshi gao Rulin zhuan, this detailed examination of the Qingshi Rulin zhuan gao elucidates how the members of the Tongcheng school viewed themselves in Qing intellectual history. Moreover, the present study clarifies the extent to which the compilation of the Qingshi gao Rulin zhuan was influenced by the ongoing controversies concerning Han-Song scholarship during the mid-and late Qing as well as the beginning of the Republican era.