Rehabilitation exercise intervention can help participants with prolonged mechanical ventilation improve physical function and ventilator weaning; however, the content of rehabilitation exercise intervention is diverse and inconsistent. This study aims to design the content of continuous rehabilitation mobility training and examine the clinical effects in chronic respiratory failure patients with mechanical ventilation. This prospective, single-center, concealed allocation, evaluator-blind, randomized control study divided participants transferred from the intensive care unit to the subacute respiratory care ward into two groups. The control group underwent the routine ventilator weaning plan and hand bicycle training, while the experimental group underwent routine ventilator weaning plan and continuous rehabilitation mobility training. The success rate of ventilator weaning, the length of mechanical ventilation, the length of stay at the respiratory care center, and total length of hospital stay were analyzed. The success rate of ventilator weaning in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (86.4% vs. 63.6%); however, there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.082). Compared with the control group, the length of mechanical ventilation (19.2±10.8 vs. 29.4±13.1, p=0.008) and the length of stay at the respiratory care center (22.7±10.2 vs. 32.8±13.1, p=0.007) was lesser in the experimental group, with statistically significant differences. The total lengths of hospital stay of the experimental and control groups were 62.6±22.8 and 65.1±20.8, respectively, without significant difference between the two groups (p=0.696).