詞典編撰學體現了詞彙語義學的理論成果，同時也反映了人們認知方式上的特點。詞彙語義在轉喻和隱喻機制的作用下，會不斷動態發展。本文以дядя和зять在詞典義項範疇化的差異為切入點，透過範疇化理論闡述詞彙多義性與模糊性的形成機制。通過分析可以發現，詞彙語義的動態發展可表現為圖式與義項之間相逆的互動關係。本研究可以為詞彙語義學、詞典編纂學以及對外俄語教學提供語料和參考。

Lexicography reflects theories of lexical semantics, while also reflecting characteristics in human cognitive aspects. Word meanings develop dynamically under the influence of metonymy and metaphor. This paper analyzes the mechanism of polysemy and vagueness of word meanings with categorization theory to analyze the meanings of the words дядя and зять. This paper deepens the understanding of the dynamic development of lexical semantics, which can become a linguistic material and reference for lexical semantics, lexicography and RFL teaching. The results of this paper show that there is an inverse relationship between the schema and its specificities in the dynamic development of word meanings.