The uniqueness of the poetic heritage of Alexey Vasilyevich Koltsov (1809-1842) is recognized by many famous figures in the field of Russian language and literature around the world. His work is a synthesis of folklore and book traditions. As an exponent of the spirit of the peasantry, the poet reflected in his works many aspects of the life of Russian people, primarily representatives of the peasantry and merchants of the XIX century. The heroes of his lyrical works carry in their minds a folk, native Russian idea of the world order, close and understood by the author himself – the poet-prasol. The purpose of our research is to show one of the facets of the uniqueness of A.V. Koltsov's poetics, the mythological and folklore basis of his work. Russian Russian mythology and folklore images are reflected in the lyrics of A.V. Koltsov-this is also a reflection of the deep origins of the Russian mentality, one of the sides of the Russian picture of the world, the study of which at all times was of great interest to representatives of different peoples.