急性腎損傷(acute kidney injury, AKI) 常見於住院患者，亦常見於癌症患者，且與預後不良如較高的死亡率有關。肺癌的標準化學治療包括鉑金類藥物，其中cisplatin所致腎損傷之相關機轉已有廣泛研究。具危險因子的患者接受有腎損傷風險的化學治療藥物時，需特別小心。免疫治療亦為肺癌治療的主要選項之一，其導致的急性腎損傷病理變化以急性間質性腎炎(acute interstitial nephritis) 為多。研究顯示，接受緩和性化學治療的癌症患者，可能因為族群特性或藥物劑量的緣故，是否發生急性腎損傷似與預後較無關係。

Acute kidney injury is commonly observed in hospitalized patients as well as cancer patients, and is associated with poor prognosis. Standard chemotherapy for lung cancer includes platinum-based agents, among which cisplatin is well known for inducing nephrotoxicity. Patients exhibiting risk factors for kidney injury warrant close monitoring while receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are another option for lung cancer treatment, and these agents may also lead to acute kidney injury, with acute interstitial nephritis being the most common pathological change. Previous study has shown that acute kidney injury in lung cancer patients receiving palliative chemotherapy does not appear to be associated with poorer prognosis, likely due to patient characteristics or drug dosage.