不寧腿症候群（RLS）是一種神經和感覺運動障礙，續發性RLS與末期腎疾病（ESRD）有強烈相關。血液透析（HD）病人發生RLS的盛行率為19.4％～57.3％。RLS易導致HD病人不良的睡眠品質、憂鬱及低的生活品質，甚至可能增加共病症及死亡率。因此，緩解HD病人RLS之嚴重度是重要課題。本文就HD病人發生RLS之原因、診斷標準、藥物治療及非藥物治療（包括運動訓練、按摩、近紅外光療法、穴位按壓、震動治療）做介紹。提升臨床護理人員對於HD病人發生RLS的相關概念及照護進一步的認識，提供患者更優質的健康照護。

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological and sensorimotor disorder. Secondary RLS is strongly associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The prevalence of RLS in hemodialysis (HD) patients was 19.4% 57.3%. The HD patients with RLS have been reported to have poor sleep quality, depression, lower quality of life, and increased comorbidities and mortality. Therefore, alleviating the severity of RLS in HD patients is important. This paper introduced the causes, diagnostic criteria, medication therapy, and non-pharmacology therapy (including exercise training, massage, near-infrared light therapy, acupressure, and vibration therapy) of HD patients with RLS.