聯合國《武器貿易條約》自2013年4月2日通過以來，至今已有131個國家簽署，其中的110個國家成為締約國，包括中國大陸於2020年7月6日正式向聯合國秘書長交存加入書，成為第107個締約國，並於同年10月3日生效。從投出棄權票表示不贊同立場，到支持全球多邊主義下的《武器貿易條約》，這段轉折對中共而言，不僅只規範了未來軍備輸出方式，該條約同時律定包括武器進口、轉口、轉運以及武器貿易仲介活動等監管要求，已對中國大陸軍工產業及其運作制度產生一定程度的影響。本研究基於《武器貿易條約》之重要規範內容，對照中國大陸國防科技工業發展和國家參與國際武器貿易市場之現況，發現在特定領域和競爭策略方面雖有優勢機會，惟在軍貿管控、監督等配套法規方面仍有限制和挑戰。中國大陸欲躋身國際武器貿易大國的意圖明確，卻必須受到相關國際建制規範，其運作機制仍在改革調適進程，且攸關國際政治經濟、軍備管控等安全議題，殊值關注。

Since the United Nations Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) adoption on 2 April 2013, there are 130 countries have signed and 110 countries have become parties, including the People's Republic of China (PRC), which formally deposited its instrument of accession to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 6 July 2020, becoming the 107th State Party to the Treaty, and entered into force on October 3 of the same year. From abstaining in the vote to expressing its disapproval to supporting the ATT under global multilateralism, this turning point of events for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has not only regulated the future armaments export, but the Treaty has also established regulatory requirements for arms imports, re-exports, transshipment and arms trade intermediary activities, which have a certain impact on PRC's defense industry and its operating system. Based on the important normative content of the ATT, this study, in contrast to the development of PRC's national defense science and technology industry and its participation in the international arms trade market, we found that although there are advantageous opportunities in specific fields and competitive strategies, there are still restrictions and challenges in supporting regulations such as arms trading control and supervision. The PRC's intention to become a major international arms trading power is clear, but it must be regulated by the relevant international norms. Its operating mechanism is still in the process of reform and adjustment, and it is related to security issues such as international politics, economy, arms control, and so on. After the PRC accession to the international arms trading market, we should pay more attention to subsequent changes in the situation.