因著科技的快速發展，跨人類主義者接續心物二元的思想，推動以各種科學技術增強人類，理念上尤其著重心智，並視身體為載體，可以用其他材料取代之。對比這種新達爾文、絕對唯物進化論的人觀，可發現與天主教會一直以來人是由天主肖像（Imago Dei）所受造，以及天主從虛無中創世（Creatio ex nihilo）的教義完全不同。對比天主教會與跨人類主義的人觀，源頭上的不同：天主教會的源頭是創造天地萬物的天主；跨人類主義則訴諸於達爾文進化論。身體觀的不同：天主教會是靈肉合一的人觀；跨人類主義的人觀是靈肉分離。永生觀的不同：天主教會的教義是肉身雖終腐朽，但靈魂不死，期待在耶穌第二次來臨時與復活的肉身再次結合，此乃真正的永生（live forever）、不朽不滅（immortality）；跨人類主義要追求的是以數位不死（digital immortality）的方式永遠活著。

What is the essence of a human person? What is the human nature? According to the Genesis of the Old Testament, God creates the whole world. The sixth day, He creates man and woman according to His image. This is the doctrine of the Catholic Church. The essence of the human person is the unity of body and soul, which is also the human nature. On this world, flesh will decay after dying, but soul will never die and will be waiting for body resurrected, and will be unified with body again until la Parousie: the second coming of Jesus Christ. At this moment, unified soul and body will never die; the human person will live forever, immortality in heaven. However, ever since the Renaissance and later the Enlightenment continued to promote humanism, following the Gnosticism of the first century, the Baconian project (Francis Bacon, 1561-1626) and Cartesian view of freedom (René Descartes, 1596-1650) continued the body-spirit dualism that emerged from placing nature in the position of an “object” for human power. The body becomes a material object, which can be manipulated by the free will of man. Under the body-spirit dualism, its vision of man is far from away God’s creation. The post-modernism is no longer under the concept of Imago Dei. The transhumanist movement is continually developing since the fourth industrial revolution. The body becomes a carrier, which can be changed, be enhanced or be manipulated by human mind. They think the human mind is the most important of a whole man.