神經影像技術的進步繼續推進對身體活動（physical activity）的瞭解，包括身體運動（exercise）對大腦結構的益處。這篇敘述性回顧的目的是，首先概述有關身體活動或運動，對於促進兒童和青少年腦部健康和發展之神經影像學研究。其次介紹身體活動或運動，對部分有特殊健康需求的兒童和青少年的大腦結構之影響。兒童健康照顧的相關專業人員，可以整合本報告資訊，來說明運動與腦部發展的相關，透過團隊合作，一起來激勵所有兒童及其照顧者開始，並保持更積極的生活方式，促進親子都能有好的體適能。

Advances in neuroimaging techniques continue to promote the understanding of the benefits of brain structures and functions of physical exercise and activity. The aim of this narrative review was to provide an overview on the effect of physical exercise on brains for children. First, the evidence from several neuroimaging studies surrounding the benefits of physical activity or physical exercise for promoting the optimal growth and development of the brain in all children and youth. Then, the effects of physical exercise on brain for children with special health needs were discussed. The health professions may integrate those information to portray collaboration and teamwork for motivating all children and their caregivers to initiate and maintain a more physically active lifestyle. Future studies may need to clarify the effects of different types of physical exercise in brain activity of children.