由於缺乏體能運動與飲食營養失衡，台灣兒童與青少年的體重過重或肥胖的比率已逐年升高。近年研究指出，兒童與青少年時期的肥胖極易持續到成年，導至成人時期的代謝疾病，與許多的慢性疾病；嚴重影響個人健康，產生國家公衛問題。因此，積極倡導兒童體能活動，改善兒童體適能，實是一項攸關國家安全的議題。所以我們需要鼓勵兒童，從靜止不動的室內3C電子產品，走入戶外接觸自然嘗適不同的戶外活動，將戶外活動成為兒童成長教育不可或缺的一部份。此篇內容將述說戶外活動對兒童身心發展的益處，並介紹兒童進行戶外活動時，可能面臨的環境傷害，與其預防和處理；並提供兒童體能活動之建議與訓練原則。

For the sake of lacking physical activity and malnutrition, the prevalence of obesity/overweight is gradually raised in the population of Taiwan children. Recent studies demonstrated that obese children and adolescents were more likely to be obese in adulthood, and highly potentially resulted in metabolic and other chronic diseases. It will critically danger individual's health, and severely harm national public health. Therefore, the issues of encouraging physical activity and improving physical fitness in pediatric population, are really related to national security. So, we should shift children's sedentary lifestyle to outdoor nature activity and transformed the outdoor activities to an indispensable part of education and development in children. This review will express the benefits of outdoor activities for children's physical and mental health. It also displays the potential harms in wildness and presents the prevention and treatment. It further offers the recommendation and training policy for children's physical activities.