兒童行為問卷（The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire [CBQ]）為目前被各國學者廣泛用在幼兒階段的氣質行為測量，而不同國家之探索性因素分析結果皆指出CBQ具有三大高階因素之結構。本研究旨在透過比較傳統之不具交叉負荷的驗證性因素分析（Confirmatory Factor Analysis [CFA]）與允許自由估計交叉負荷的探索性結構方程模式（Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling [ESEM]）的模式適配度，探討CBQ標準版中文翻譯版本的因素結構，並藉此突顯過去研究所發現之CBQ為具有交叉負荷的因素結構之特性。本研究樣本為臺灣北部地區543名家有3～7歲幼兒之家長。研究結果顯示，三因素ESEM模式比起三因素CFA模式具有較佳的適配結果；在納入了三對分量表之誤差相關後，三因素ESEM模式具有可接受之模式適配。

The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) is a widely used measure of children’s temperament. Exploratory factor analyses have indicated a three-factor structure of the CBQ across different countries. In this study, we examined the factor structure of the CBQ standard form (Mandarin version) in Taiwan by comparing models based on the traditional confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach, which does not allow estimation for cross-loading, and the exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) approach, which can naturally include estimates of all cross-loadings into models. In this way, the characteristics of significant cross-loadings in the three-factor structure of the CBQ suggested by prior findings would be highlighted. Five hundred and forty-three Taiwanese parents of 3- to 7-year-olds from northern Taiwan completed the instrument. Results indicated that the ESEM model fitted the data better than the model based on CFA. The ESEM model incorporating three pairs of correlated uniqueness supported the three-factor structure identified in past research. Characteristics of the factor structure of CBQ were discussed.