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高醫通識教育學報

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篇名 『愛人如己』:《自由農民的故事》中鄰人與失能
卷期 18
並列篇名 "Love your neighbor as yourself": Neighbor and Disability in the Franklin's Tale
作者 王曉慧
頁次 001-024
關鍵字 鄰人《自由農民的故事》論述義肢萊因哈德齊傑克neighborthe Franklin's Talenarrative prosthesisKenneth ReinhardSlavoj Zizek
出刊日期 202312

中文摘要

《坎特伯里故事》中《自由農民的故事》有趣地描寫了一當朵莉珍決定履行她對歐樂利斯的愛情承諾時,觸發了一連串事件,像是歐樂利斯讓她從這使她婚姻破滅的諾言中解脫,和魔術師免除了歐樂利斯的龐大債務。故事首要的便是呈現人與人之間的倫理議題,也就是如何以最好的方式對待他人。對於這樣的論述結構,我們正好可使用戴維斯(Lennard J. Davis)提出過的『失能研究意識』來進行閱讀。米切爾和史耐德(David T Mitchell and Sharon L. Snyder)提出在大部份文學論述中帶有論述義肢的結構,也就是去修正失能相關的特徵以符合主流標準,也就是去除他者的差異。在一些有洞見的討論中,即使學者努力找出論述的有意義之處,也難免落入忽略了論述義肢的圈套。例如葛登斯(Richard Godden)對於高文爵士接納瑞格蕾爾女士的衰老和醜陋,將之視為圓滿消弭失能的負面特性的例子。然而他忽略了故事結局,瑞格蕾爾女士奇蹟地恢復了年輕與美貌,正好又回到了論述義肢的不平等與負面。為了探討面對他者的差異性的方法,我希望閱讀列維納斯(Emmanuel Levinas)開創的鄰人理論,以找出不消除他者的差異性的可能。萊因哈德(Kenneth Reinhard),齊傑克(Slavoj Zizek),布列登(Heather Blurton),和賀利里奇(Emily Houlik-Ritchey)等學者,指出了列維納斯『臉』的想法的不足並做出延伸,他們提出了鄰近性,猶太人與非猶太人,和外密性等討論。文章中我希望能在《自由農民的故事》中探討出,與他者共處,互動,但不強力改變他者特性的可能。

英文摘要

The Franklin's Tale interestingly describes the story of how Dorigen determines to fulfill her promise to Aurelius's love quest, and triggers a series of events such as Aurelius's release of her commitment and the magician's release of Aurelius's debt. The story demonstrates an example of ethics as in these events the interrelated characters attempt to treat one another to his/her best interest. Regarding the narrative of the story, I would like to read it with what Lennard J. Davis calls "a disabilities-studies consciousness" in order to analyze how the characters deal with the difference of the other. As David T Mitchell and Sharon L. Snyder point out, there is narrative prosthesis in most literary work, which is to correct the traits of disability, difference, in order to make them fit the norm. In some insightful discussion of disability, such as Richard Godden's study of Sir Gawain's embrace of the old and ugly Dame Ragnelle, there is still the pitfall of failing to see the purposeful erasure of the traits of disability when Ragnell's youth and beauty return miraculously in the end. Borrowing the theory of neighbor, I would like to explore the possibility of facing the difference between the self and the other. Emmanuel Levinas is the philosopher who establishes the theory of the face, which discusses the ethics of how one treats one's neighbor. Kenneth Reinhard, Slavoj Zizek, Heather Blurton, and Emily Houlik-Ritchey have elaborated the theory and provided more profound discussion on notions such as Jews and non-Jews, proximity, and extimacy. Hopefully, in this paper I will illustrate there is the possibility of interacting with the neighbor without changing him in the Franklin's Tale.

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