亞洲後進國家過去透過獨特的創新系統達到成功的技術追趕，但當其以創新者投入新興科技產業發展時，發展成效卻不如預期。本研究以臺灣人工智慧(AI)產業作為實證個案，並以科技創新系統作為理論觀點，分析形成亞洲後進國家創新系統失靈及產業發展挑戰之原因。研究結果發現，政府政策在臺灣的AI科技創新系統中扮演著「發展引導」的角色，透過政策資源的投入來推動其他功能機制的形成及互動。然而，由於系統中的「資源移動」未能校準產業需求，導致AI知識創造者難以落實AI技術的市場應用，因此「市場創造與形成」功能未能落實。具體來說，臺灣AI科技創新系統偏重技術要素的發展與累積，卻缺乏必要的社會要素協助技術提供者開發市場應用，形成產業創新轉型的挑戰。本研究針對亞洲國家新興科技產業發展提出理論及政策意涵。

While Asian latecomers has achieved successful technological catch-up through dedicated innovation systems, they faced significant challenges when they started to engage in emerging high-tech industries as innovators. Based on the perspective of technological innovation system, this study uses Taiwan’s artificial intelligence (AI) industry as the empirical context to explore the structural problems hidden in the innovation system that cause current challenges in industrial development. The findings demonstrate that government policies act as the “development guidance” in Taiwanese AI technological innovation system, in which it plays a role in allocating policy and industrial resources to drive the establishment and interactions of other functional mechanisms. However, the misalignment of “resource mobilization” with industrial need is hindering AI knowledge developer from exploring market applications. As a result, the function of “market creation and formation” has been underdeveloped and become the structural weakness in Taiwan’s AI innovation system. This study argues that Taiwan’s AI innovation system has been focusing on development and accumulation of technological elements while paying little attention to establish social elements that are critical for commercialization of AI technology. This neglect has caused the challenges of Asian latecomer countries in developing emerging technology industries. Theoretical and policy implications are therefore discussed.