採取非工程手段進行治水，近年來已漸受到重視，水利署更在易淹的農業發展地區開始推動「在地滯洪」策略，期降低在地洪患風險並減少居民性命與經濟財產等衝擊。然在地滯洪作為一種計畫性推動的治水新方案，除預期農地參與治水防災的多功能效益外，其可能產生的衝擊與變化則尚未有學術性的討論與研析。本研究導入社會影響評估方法，除討論社會影響評估用於災害環境議題上之可行性外，亦透過文獻分析、專家問卷調查、焦點團體座談、田野調查與訪談等方法，研擬在地滯洪導入社會影響評估所應考量的通則性因子，並輔以個案探討，補充適地性的議題分析，為重要的通則性因子提供具體內容，以作為在地滯洪的社會影響評估之應用參考。研究結果顯示，在地滯洪政策推行，對於農地田間管理、農業轉型後的生計、以及文化層面最有可能產生衝擊。此外，在地滯洪所帶來的效益不僅能降低淹水風險，更期望能藉此發展社會遠景、強化社區韌性等公益性。本研究更建議為期社會影響評估成爲災害與環境議題有效的新興政策評估工具，應從多元利害關係人角度出發，衡量開發或計畫行為對社會產生的效益與衝擊之多元性，並從中選擇可行性替代方案，提供一個系統性視角來執行社會層面之分析，以達到社會效益最大化、社會衝擊最小化之目標。未來應以健全社會影響評估機制、並發展成為一具獨立性與效益性之操作工具為目標。

Existing hazards literature highlights the growing trend to adopt non-structural flood risk management strategies to reduce flood risk. Taiwan's Flood Retention Farm Scheme (FRFS) is a non-structural flood risk management initiative that uses farm land to retain storm water. However, current policy and research rarely address social impacts and transitions while enacting the FRFS. The aim of this study is to analyze the feasibility and procedure of applying the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) methodology to flood risk management in FRFS. This study adopts document analysis, focus group discussion, expert questionnaire review and fieldwork to evaluate relevant factors in SIA of FRFS. In addition to the general procedure of conducting SIA, two cases are used as place-based and complementary analysis to demonstrate stakeholders' perspectives on adapting SIA. The analysis raises some issues for managing the possible impacts of enacting FRFS: how field management should proceed after floodwater recedes; how farmers' livelihoods are affected after their farms face agricultural transformation; and how to keep cultural and historical memories of the sugar refinery alive after the field transitions into a temporary retarding basin. Conversely, FRFS is intended not only to strategically reduce flood risk, but also to provide a platform for multi-stakeholders on a local level to reinforce their relationships and thus empower them to build social resilience. In conclusion, by general analysis and case study of the adaptation of SIA into FRFS this study introduces the procedure and dimensions of incorporating SIA into flood risk management to maximize common goods and minimize social impacts of planned interventions.