產氣性腎盂腎炎是一種罕見腎實質壞死性感染疾病，由能分解葡萄糖的細菌所引致，能在腎臟內產生氣體，通常好發於糖尿病病患。本文報告二例女性糖尿病患者，於急診求診時經腹部X光及電腦斷層掃描診斷為產氣性腎盂腎炎，經施行經皮腎造廔術或腎切除術，併用抗生素治療後，病患病情穩定且改善後出院。因本疾病之放射診斷影像特殊，且產氣性腎盂腎炎具高死亡率，故提出病例報告。

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare necrotizing parenchymal infection of the kidney. It is associated with the production of gas from fermentation of glucose and usually found in diabetic patients. This report coucerus two elderly female diabetic patients. In emergency room, plain abdominal radiography and corn puted tomography showed gas within the renal pelvic and upper ureters. After surgical treatment (percutaneous nephrostomy or nephrectomy) and aggressive medical therapy. The patient conditions were much improved and discharge followed. Because of the specific radiography findings and high motality rate of emphysematous pyelonephritis, these two cases are reported.