免疫核對點抑制劑為近年來癌症治療的新趨勢， 針對細胞毒性T淋巴細胞相關抗原-4（cytotoxic T– lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, CTLA-4）及程 序性細胞死亡1（programmed cell death-1, PD-1） 核對點的抑制劑，如ipilimumab（Yervoy®，益 伏）、pembrolizumab（Keytruda®， 吉舒達）和 nivolumab（Opdivo®，保疾伏）被用來提升病患T 細胞的活性及毒殺腫瘤的能力，以達到抗癌的效 果。這些藥物各有不同的使用建議劑量及調配方 法必須注意，此外，這些免疫核對點抑制劑可能 會引發皮膚、腸胃道、肝臟、內分泌、肺部及 一些罕見但嚴重的免疫相關不良反應，臨床醫療 護理人員必須熟悉早期徵象和評估及了解相關處 理方式。

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the new posterchild of cancer treatment in recent years largely due to their impressive clinical efficacy. Drugs targeting cytotoxic T– lymphocyteassociated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies, e.g., ipilimumab (Yervoy®), pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), and nivolumab (Opdivo®) reinvigorate cytotoxic T cells to kill cancer cells in patients. Despite the impressive clinical benefits, ICIs may induce immunerelated adverse events (irAE) of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, endocrine, and lung with a wide spectrum of severity. Rare but severe irAEs of critical organs such as the heart and central nervous system have also been reported. Clinical practitioners must recognize the early signs and symptoms of irAE as well as related management strategies.