隨著醫學的進步，重症疾病患者的數量逐年提升。然而重症病人出院後因重症住加護病房期間的疾病與治療產生的合併症與副作用，導致病人和家屬在出院後產生重症加護後症候群。病人的問題主要在於身體功能症狀、認知障礙、心理問題（包含焦慮、憂鬱和創傷壓力障礙等），此心理問題家屬也可能同時發生。本文藉由介紹病人與家屬的重症加護後症候群，並描述其症狀、危險因素與預防措施及其相關測量工具，期望能提供重症加護醫療人員在病患加護病房停留期間及早啟動預防措施，提升重症加護照護品質。

The population of survivors of critical illness has increased with advancements in medicine and technology. However, many patients and their families experience post-intensive care syndromes after discharge from intensive care units (ICUs) due to the comorbidities and side-effects of severe illnesses and related treatments. The problems faced by these survivors are mainly physical symptoms, cognitive disorders, and psychological problems (including anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress disorder). Moreover, patient family members frequently experience psychological problems as well. This article introduces the post-intensive care syndromes (PICS) of survivors and their families; describe the physical symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies related to PICS; and primary instruments currently used to measure PICS. The authors hope to provide intensive care health staff with the knowledge necessary to implement preventive strategies for patients as early as possible during their ICU stay to improve the quality of intensive care.