國內近年來人口生育率急邊下降，人口結構呈現少子化的型態，人口數量直接影響著教育需求量，連帶影響教育的整體發展和學校規模。少子化趨勢對整個教育體系的影響層面十分廣大，在學校體系中，目前尤以小學階段首當其衝'原不必擔心招生問題的公立學校，亦開始成受到生存競爭的壓力。學生來源驟減，使得許多學校產生經營上的困難，面臨「招生不足」、「減班超額」等問題。
本研究分析「少子化」趨勢的成因，探究少子化對國民小學所造成的影響，並以一所國小(化名為「森林國小」)為例，實際探討少子化所帶來的衝擊影響，最後提出國民小學減緩少子化衝擊的因應策略。

In recent years the fertility rate of population has been dropping rapidly in Taiwan. ThePopulation structure presents declining birthrate. Theamount of population influences the educational demand directly， and relates to influence the whole development of education and the scale of school. Declining birthrate has a great influence in the educational system. In the school's system， the elementary school doesn't worry about enrolling new students originally， but now also has the pressure of for existence. Thesource of students reduces rapidly， and a lot of schools have disculties in management， and face many problems， such as“shortage of students"，“reduction of classes and teacher surplus"， and so on.
Thearticle analyses the cause of declining birthrate， and then investigates the influence of declining birthrate in the elementary school. To take the Forest elementary school (assumed name) as an example， the article discusses the impact of declining birthrate. Finally，the article gives some suggestions and strategies for elementary schools to slow down the impact of declining birthrate.