單側同時發生腎細胞癌與移行上皮細胞癌相當罕見，到2005年為止全世界的統計資料中僅有47位。我們報告一位78歲男性同時發生單側腎細胞癌與腎盂移行上皮細胞癌的病例。病患在10年前曾被診斷出右腎血管肌脂瘤 (angiomyolipoma) 但並未如期追蹤，6個月前以無症狀的血尿來求診，斷層掃描和血管攝影發現位於右腎下方有一個質地不均勻、突出的鈣化腫塊併有密集的微血管灌注，逆行性腎盂攝影則發現右上腎盂有顯影缺陷，尿液細胞學檢查亦證實有移行上皮細胞癌，在確認移行上皮細胞癌及懷疑腎細胞癌的前提下，幫病人施予右腎切除、輸尿管切除及膀胱袖口切除手術，術後病理報告顯示同時存在腎細胞癌及腎盂移行上皮細胞癌。

The simultaneous occurrence of ipsilateral transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare. There are 47 such cases in the published literature worldwide. We report on a 78-year-old man with synchronous ipsilateral renal adenocarcinoma and renal pelvic TCC. He was referred to our department due to asymptomatic gross hematuria for 6 months. A computed tomographic scan and renal angiography revealed a 6-cm renal mass, which was exophytic, heterogeneous, and hypervascular in the lower pole of the right kidney. Retrograde pyelography demonstrated a filling defect in the upper calyces of the right kidney. Under the impression of TCC by urine cytology and suspicion of RCC, a right nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff resection were performed. Pathological diagnosis revealed a grade 2 TCC and clear-cell RCC.