精血症指精液中含有血液，在臨床上通常並不被認為是個嚴重的問題。文獻報告可找出原因之精血症占所有病例的52%到86%不等。本研究包括78位病人，除病史問診，身體及常規尿液檢查之外，並以經直腸超音波檢查、前列腺按摩液之鏡檢查及培養，精液細菌之培養，尿道膀胱鏡檢查作為輔助診斷的方法。經直腸超音波檢查所顯示之不正常影像包括低或不規則回音之擴大儲精囊，不對稱之儲精囊、前列腺炎、前列腺肥大、前列腺鈣化、射精管囊腫以及儲精囊腫等。在52位病人(66%)病人有明確之診斷者包括30列前列腺炎或儲精囊炎，17例前列腺肥大3例前列腺鈣化，1例射精管囊腫及1例儲精囊囊腫。其餘26位(34%)病人則屬於特發性原因不明之精血症。五十歲以下之47位病人中，25例有確定之診斷；而五十歲以上之24人中，20例有確定之診斷。23位病人(32%)病人之臨床表現有反覆再發之情形；但我們未能在此類病人中尋找到共同之其他特點。

Hemospemia means presence of blood in semen, and it is often regarded as a symptom of little significance by the urologist. The cause of hemospermia varied widely in percentages (ranging from 52% to 86%) in different reports. We conducted this study to clarify the percentage of idiopathic hemospermia in our patients, and to un-derstand their clinical courses. A total of 78 patients were evaluated. Dilated seminal vesicles with low or het-erogenous echogenicity, asymmetry of seminal vesiscles, benign prostatic hyper-plasia, prostatic calculi, ejaculatory duct cyst, and seminal vesicle cyst were demostrated among 74 patients with transrectal songraphy examination. Final diagnoses were reached in 52 (66%) of them, being 30 with prostatitis or seminal vesical inflamma-tion, 17 with benign prostatic hyperplasia, three with prostatic calcification, one with ejaculatory duct cyst, and one with seminal vesical cyst. Twenty-five of the 47 patients agged below 50 and 20 of the 24 patients aged above 50 had conclusive diagnoses. Rather high proportion (23/78) of our patients suffered from fluctuated clinical courses. But no common characteristics could be found among them. Further attention should be aimed at this group of patients.