Impatiens cavaleriei X.X.Bai & R.X.Huang, sp. nov. from the Miaoling Mountains of Guizhou, belonging to I. sect. Uniflorae, is described and illustrated here. While I. cavaleriei morphologically resembles I. notolopha Maximowicz and I. undulata Y.L.Chen & Y.Q.Lu in ovate or ovate-elliptic leaves, yellow flowers and a cymbiform lower sepal, this new species can be easily distinguished by its comprehensive characteristics, including a slightly transparent capsule, lateral united petals clawed, 2-flowered, and seed surface with warty protrusions. A detailed description, color photographs and a provisional IUCN Red List assessment are provided along with discussions of the geographical distribution and morphological relationships of I. cavaleriei with similar species.