過去研究發現幼兒的奮力控制氣質與其情緒表達有所關聯，而此關聯可能會受到幼兒和主要照顧者所形成之安全依附關係的影響。本研究旨在探討三歲幼兒奮力控制氣質、安全依附與其情緒表達的關聯，並進一步了解安全依附在此關聯中所扮演的調節角色。本研究以「臺灣幼兒發展調查資料庫」（KIT）36月齡組第一波的資料進行分析，此資料庫為具有全國代表性樣本之縱貫研究；共計以1,924位三歲幼兒（男生佔50.42%，女生佔49.58%）為研究對象，使用KIT家長問卷之幼兒奮力控制氣質、安全依附和情緒表達等變項，應用階層多元迴歸分析來檢驗調節效果。研究結果顯示：幼兒奮力控制氣質、安全依附與幼兒情緒表達間具有顯著正向關聯；此外，安全依附在幼兒奮力控制氣質和情緒表達的關聯具有顯著調節效果，但因係數過小且為負值，與主要效果抵銷後，使得調節效果不明顯。即不論幼兒和主要照顧者有較高或較低程度的安全依附，幼兒奮力控制氣質皆會正向預測其情緒表達。對於奮力控制氣質較高的幼兒來說，與主要照顧者的安全依附程度愈高時，幼兒有較佳的情緒表達；而對於奮力控制氣質較低的幼兒來說，與主要照顧者的安全依附程度愈高時，幼兒亦會有較佳的情緒表達。

Previous research has identified a relationship between children's temperament, particularly effortful control, and their emotional expression. This association may be influenced by the secure attachment formed between children and their primary caregivers. This study aims to investigate the associations among three-year-old children's effortful control temperament, secure attachment, and their emotional expression. Additionally, it seeks to understand the moderating role of secure attachment in these associations. The analysis utilized data from the first wave of the 36-month-old group in the "National Longitudinal Study of Child Development & Care" (KIT), which is a nationally representative longitudinal study. The study included a total of 1,924 three-year-old children (50.42% boys, 49.58% girls) as participants. Variables such as children's effortful control temperament, secure attachment, and emotional expression were collected through the KIT parent questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the moderating effects. The results revealed a significant positive association between children's effortful control temperament, secure attachment, and emotional expression. Furthermore, secure attachment exhibited a significant moderating effect on the association between children's effortful control temperament and emotional expression. However, the moderating effect became less apparent due to a small and negative coefficient, offsetting the main effects. In other words, regardless of whether children and their primary caregivers had a higher or lower level of secure attachment, children's effortful control temperament positively predicted their emotional expression. For children with higher levels of effortful control temperament, a higher level of secure attachment with their primary caregiver was associated with better emotional expression. Similarly, for children with lower levels of effortful control temperament, a higher level of secure attachment with their primary caregiver was also linked to improved emotional expression.