本研究旨在探討親子（母親－幼兒）安全依附關係、幼兒情緒調節能力與幼兒退縮行為間之關聯，並進一步檢視幼兒情緒調節能力在親子安全依附關係對幼兒退縮行為影響途徑的中介效果。本研究以「臺灣幼兒發展資料庫」36月齡組三波資料進行次級分析，並保留與父母同住、且三波調查均由同一位親生母親完整填答量表之1,039名幼兒樣本。結果指出，親子安全依附關係與幼兒情緒調節能力呈顯著正相關，而與幼兒退縮行為呈顯著負相關；幼兒情緒調節能力亦與其退縮行為呈顯著負相關。而在納入家庭社經地位、幼兒性別對幼兒退縮行為的預測效果後，幼兒情緒調節能力在親子安全依附關係對幼兒退縮行為的影響途徑具有顯著的中介效果。根據上述研究結果，建議教師可教導幼兒情緒調節策略，且幼兒的主要照顧者（如：母親）亦可多回應、關心並滿足幼兒的需求，使幼兒能與母親有安全依附，若幼兒能與母親有安全依附，則幼兒的情緒調節能力也會提升，且較佳的情緒調節能力亦可減少幼兒未來的退縮傾向。同時，建議未來研究可再繼續探討不同幼兒依附型態、幼兒－父親的安全依附對幼兒情緒調節能力及退縮行為的影響，亦可再針對不同內涵的情緒調節能力與退縮行為進行探討。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between secure attachment, emotion regulation (ER), withdrawal behavior in preschoolers. To this end, a mediation model was proposed in which mother-child secure attachment was hypothesized to exert an indirect effect on preschoolers' withdrawal behavior through their ER. Secondary data of 1,039 preschoolers was selected from the database of "Kids in Taiwan (KIT): National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care." This data represented the three-wave of data collected from the participants during ages 4 to age 6. The results showed that preschoolers' secure attachment was significantly and positively associated with their ER, but negatively associated with their withdrawal behavior. Preschoolers' ER was also significantly and negatively associated with their withdrawal behavior. Furthermore, preschoolers' secure attachment had a significant indirect effect on their withdrawal behavior through ER, when controlling for the socioeconomic status as well as gender effect. These findings suggested that teachers could teach children strategies of emotional regulation, and primary caregivers (i.e., mothers in this study) should respond, care and meet their child's need as much as possible, so children can establish secure attachment with their primary caregivers. If children can form secure attachment with their primary caregivers, it will also enhance their ER ability. Children with better ER ability can effectively help them reduce the frequency of their withdrawal behavior. Future study could broaden the research scope to different types of parent-child attachment, father-child secure attachment, as well as diverse nature of emotion regulation strategies and withdrawal behavior.