學校效能是一種構念，難以直接加以的測量。但隨著統計方法的與時俱進，學校效能理論模式的探索已經變得容易而可行。唯欲探討驗證理論模式常需大量的資料，非研究者個人所能獨立完成，以致學校效能理論模式的驗證分析尚不多見。
本研究即以學校行政學的觀點出發，嘗試建構一個學校效能階層模式，並期望此模式能對學校效能後續的實證研究提供立論的基礎。本研究建構的模式，係基於考量實證分析時能採用階層線性模式（HLM），因學校效能實證資料本身就是具有巢狀內屬的結構。
文中同時探討國際上學校效能研究的發展及趨勢，再比較國內近幾年有關學校效能的博碩士論文、專案論文及期刊論文，找出其共同優、缺點，做為本研究提出進一步改善建議的立論依據。

School eff ectiveness was a construction, and was hard to be measured directly. However, according to improved statistical methods, studies on constructing school eff ectiveness theory model became easily. Th ose studies on model testifying needed a lot of data, and couldn’t be done by a single researcher, so those kinds of researches were scarily witnessed.
The researcher started this article by the knowledge base of school administration discipline, wanted to construct a school eff ectiveness hierarchical model, and wanted the model to support positive researches in the future. Th e model constructed by the researcher in this article had been considered using the Hierarchical Linear Model method to analyze data, because the data of school eff ectiveness researches had nested structure.
At the same time, the researcher queried the development and the trend of school eff ectiveness researches in this article, and then compared domestic dissertations in order to fi nd strengths and weaknesses for improving further researches.