本文的研究目的在探討盧梭自然主義體育思想的時代背景、淵源、內涵、內涵及其影響，最後並提出結論。全文採用歷史研究法，從事蒐集史料、文獻之分析等工作，並輔以歷史哲學思辨、批判的方法，探討其深層教涵意。虛梭自然主義體育思想的主要理念如下:←)體育是教育的一環，教育的目在培養身心健全的自然人，而體育則對兒童的德、智、體、群、美育的發展有一定的貢獻。位)體育的課程內容色合水土運動、競技運動、野外活動、遊戲及健康知識等。(;)體育的方法按照兒童生理與心理的發展可分別為:自我保護、鍛鍊、自由運動、感官訓練、技能訓練和衛生保健等六項，並以行動鍛鍊的方式來進行。(四)以生理和心理的發展鳥基礎，實施分期的體育鍛鍊。伍)以全氏為施教對象，並特別著重兒童和青少年時期的體育實施。至於虛梭的自然主義體育思想對後世的影響則有以下各點:←)注重兒童的好奇心和自發的學習動機與興趣，是啟發式教學法和興趣教學法的根源。(二)提倡行動鍛鍊是促進身體健康的重要方法，至今仍為不移之真理。已)奠定體育在學校教育中的重要地位。(叫巴塞斗的創辦博愛學校，實施自然主義的體育教學。因成鳥現代體育思想的淵源之一。開主張教育的重心在兒童本身，於是兒童的身體健康與道戲等，從此更為教育家所重視。

Thepurpose of this article is to investigate the historical background， sources， contents and its influence of Rousseau's Naturalism P.E. thought and a conclusion is made at the end. In order to carry out a futher research， "Historical Research Method" is applied to collecting historical data and analyzing literature information and is simultaneously aided by the methods of thinking and criticism. The major concepts of Rousseau's Naturalism P.E. thought are as follows: 1. P.E. is a chain of education， whose goal is to educate natural men to be healthy both in mind and body. ThusPE gives a contribution to the development of moral，intelligence， athleticism， civic and art among the children. 2. The courses in P.E. include Aquatic sports， Atheletics， outside activities， games and health informations， etc. 3. According to physiological and psychological development of children P.E. methods are distinguished to six items: self-protection， physical exercise， free activities， sensation training， skill training and health caring. All of these are proceeded with the exercising ways in action. 4. On the basis of physiological and psychological development， physical exercise is periodically executed. 5. The aim of P.E. is all human beings， especially children and adolescents. The influence of Rousseau's Natrualism P.E. though is as follows: 1. Emphasis is placed on children's cruiosity and autonomy in learning and the teaching methods of discovery and interest are initiated. 2. Recommend phyical exercise in action as a vital method to maintain health in body. It is an unmovable truth till now. 3. Keep P.E. standing in an important educational position. 4. Influence J. Basedow's Philanthropinum where naturalistic P.E. teaching is executed. 5. It is one of origins of modern P.E. thought. 6. Believe that children themselves are educational center. Thusfrom then on games and health to children are more cherished by educators.