蔡元培於中國近代思想界具有舉足輕重的地位，而以教育方面的影響尤大，擔任第一任教育總長時，召開全國臨時教育會議，確定了民元教育崇旨，直接影響了中國的教育政策與教育思想，本研究以民國元年(1912年〉教育部所 公布之教育索旨為中心，採分析研究(analyticalresearch)的方法，探討蔡元培 體育思想之淵源、特質及其影響，並獲得以下結論:蔡元培具德育基礎的軍國民教育體育思想，具有承先啟後、續往開來的影響，並持續至五四運動前夕，為形成「體育軍事化思想」的重要過程，而具德育基礎的美感教育體育思想，則於五四運動之後始護共鳴，足見蔡氏先知先覺的影響力量，並成為「體育教育化思想」的先驅;惟就整體而言，蔡氏的體育思想，尚無較具體的體系。

Dr. Tsai Yuan-pei has occupied a decisive position in the academy world of recent China and made great influence especially in the aspect of education. During his tenure of office as the first term of Ministor of Education， who has held a National Temporary Education Meeting to define the Education Aim of 1912 which has directly influenced Chinese education policy and education philosophy afterwards. This paper explores this Physical Education Aim declaired by the Ministry of Education in the first year of R.O.C.(1912)，by means of analyticl research， exploring the origin， characteristics， and the influence of Dr. Tsai's physical education philosophy， and obtained the following inferences. Dr. Tsai's Military and Civil Physical Education Philosophy is based on moral education， which results in great influences in the later periods， and symplizes as being the heir to the ancient sages， the teacher of posterity and carries on the heritage so as to pave the way for future generations， which has lasted until the eve of the May， 4 Movement(1919) and becomes the important process of forming "Militarization of physical education". And his proposition on the esthetic education physical education philosophy which is based on moral education also obtained response after the May， 4 Movement(1919). According to the above facts， It is undoubtedly that Dr. Tsai's prophetic vision not only makes himself the pioneer of "Educationalization of Physical Education" but also made a great influence in the later periods. Yet， Dr. Tsai's physical education philosophy has not formed a concrete system from the comprehensive point.